Cases of human metapneumovirus (HMPV) are surging globally, with significant increases reported in Malaysia, China, and India, raising concerns over respiratory health during the winter months.
Malaysia’s Growing Numbers
Malaysia recorded 327 HMPV cases in 2024, marking a 45% rise from 225 cases in 2023. Amid reports of rising respiratory illnesses in other countries, Malaysia’s Health Ministry has urged preventive measures like frequent handwashing, wearing face masks, and covering the mouth and nose when sneezing or coughing.
China’s Surge and Hospital Overcrowding
In China, HMPV cases have spiked, particularly among children under 14, causing overcrowded hospitals. The surge coincides with colder weather and increased indoor activities, typical triggers for respiratory infections. Videos on social media show packed hospitals with coughing patients, prompting the government to intensify screening and isolation efforts.
Authorities in China have initiated a pilot program to track pneumonia of unknown origin and ensure swift reporting of HMPV cases. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) has not declared the situation a global health emergency.
India’s Recent Cases
India reported two HMPV cases in Bengaluru involving infants with pneumonia. Both children are recovering, with one already discharged. The Union Health Ministry clarified that HMPV is not a new threat, as it is already in circulation globally, and these cases are unrelated to China’s surge.
What is HMPV?
HMPV, first identified in 2001, causes respiratory illnesses ranging from mild cold-like symptoms to severe pneumonia. Vulnerable groups include:
- Children under five, especially infants.
- Older adults over 65.
- Individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic conditions.
The virus spreads through respiratory droplets, close contact, or contaminated surfaces.
Prevention and Management
Preventive measures recommended by the CDC include:
- Frequent handwashing.
- Wearing masks in crowded places.
- Staying home when sick to avoid spreading the virus.
While there is no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine for HMPV, symptoms can be managed with hydration, rest, and over-the-counter medications. Severe cases may require hospitalization.
Comparisons with COVID-19
Both HMPV and COVID-19 cause respiratory symptoms and spread via respiratory droplets, but HMPV surges are seasonal, peaking in winter and spring. Unlike COVID-19, HMPV is not considered a pandemic threat, although heightened surveillance post-COVID has identified more cases.
Global Monitoring Intensifies
With reports of HMPV infections from Cambodia, Taiwan, and Hong Kong, neighboring countries are on high alert. Health officials emphasize that while the virus is not a new pandemic threat, its resurgence underscores the need for vigilance in managing respiratory illnesses.
